Small and medium-sized reactors(SMRs) will be marketed in the next five to ten years as a tool for transforming the energy system into an emission-free one and may be a solution for the government to guarantee security of electricity and heat supply or hydrogen production in an energy system based on renewables.This Roadmap summarises existing knowledge about SMRs, the results of the dedicated working group. It describes the framework for possibleSMR application in the Czech Republic. It outlines approaches to the economic opportunities, provides information on Czech projects and offers of foreign SMR manufacturers, gives an overview of possible sites whereSMRs can replace coal-fired units for heat and electricity production, and describes a number of investor models to set equal, attractive conditions for investors; and gives an overview of relevant legislation with an explanation of ongoing measures and proposals for necessary changes.

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Governments of the countries of origin of the manufacturers are supporting the emergence of an innovative fleet-based approach to the production and construction of nuclear power plants to make their construction more efficient and accessible, in particular by reducing overall investment and operating costs. For the CzechRepublic, joining the supply chain and producing modules in the CzechRepublic is a strategic opportunity that would mean the development of a new economic focus, the maintenance of nuclear know-how, a long--term partnership with the country of origin of the manufacturer and the fulfilment of the decarbonisation strategy of the Czech Republic. The current most advanced western SMR project is underway in Canada and is due for completion in 2028. Competing manufacturers expect to complete their first commercial projects in the early 2030s. Manufacturers are now seeking their first orders and concluding memoranda of cooperation with the supply chain, including the Czech one. Despite the potentially higher investment costs per power unit, ranging from 100 million CZK/MWe declared by manufacturers to the more conservative estimates of165 mil.